The surgeries for the treatment of the morbid obesity, also known as bariatric surgeries (reduction of the stomach), had had its first activities in the decade of 50. The term morbid is used to assign illness, what it explains that in the obesity, they are the cases where the excess of the corporal fat, unchaining a series of illnesses as diabetes, arterial hypertension, alteration it cholesterol and triglycerides, respiratory difficulties, illnesses in the joints, among others.

Although of the goodwill and diverse available clinical treatments, in the case of the individuals with classification of morbid obesity, is very difficult to return and to keep the ideal weight, being the diverse efficient alternative surgical techniques.

It has little time, were considered patient with surgical indication only the ones that presented Index of Corporal Mass (IMC=weight divided for the height squared) bigger that 40. However, the significant improvement and the complete remission of diabetes type II and the arterial hypertension in the operated patients has extended the number of surgical indications in patients with IMC minors that 40. Carriers with this associates illness - obesity, diabetes type II and arterial hypertension - constitute the picture known today as Metabolic Syndrome.

The accompaniment before and after surgery  for team to multidiscipline, composed for psychologist, nutritionist, physiotherapist and for the surgeon is essential, because the patient must be conscientious, informed and  prepared  for the surgery and change of life style.

The techniques more used

The minimum invasive surgery is used successfully in the bariatric procedures that excuse the great conventional incisions. The used method demands extreme ability of the doctors and specials instruments.

Among the techniques more used currently they are the Bypass Simplified, that consists of the surgical stapling of the superior part of the stomach, with small shunting line of the intestine; the Gastric Band, who is the carried through  with the fix of an adjustable silicone ring in the superior part of the stomach; Intra-Gastric balloon, where a balloon is inflated in the stomach to reduce the space for the food; and  Derivation Biliopancreatic diversion  or Scopinaro, that consists of the surgical stapling of the stomach with great shunting line of the intestine to reduce the absorption of nutrients.